ASTM E1340-2005(2010) 信息系统快速原型法的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforRapidPrototypingofInformationSystems
【原文标准名称】:信息系统快速原型法的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1340-2005(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E31.25
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:design;documentation;evaluation;informationsystem;ProjectManagementPlan;rapidprototyping;requirement;subprojects;systemarchitecture;systemdesign;systemdevelopment;Computerizedsystems;Databasedesign/development/structure;Documen
【摘要】:RapidPrototyping(RP)isaspecificLifeCycleModelusedtodevelopaninformationsystemwhichproducesaworkingmodelofthesystemveryquickly.TheRPprocessshowninFig.1hasmanysimilarities,andsomedifferencesfromtheconventionalsystem(WaterfallLifeCycleModel)developmentprocessshowninFig.2.RPreplacestheRequirementsandDesignprocessesoftheconventionalmethodwithaniterativeprocessofprototyperefinement.Wherethephasesoftheconventionalmethodproduceasetofdocumentsthatdescribethesystem,RPproducesaprototype.Theprototypeistestedandrefinedthroughseveraliterations,withintenseinteractionbetweensystemusersanddevelopers.RPisanexperimentalapproachtosystemdevelopmentwhichprovidesalearningdevice,theprototype,forusersanddevelopers.AprototypecanbeusedasatoolforclarifyingRequirementsfortheoperationalsystem,asameansofevaluatingadesignapproach,orasadevelopingseriesofversionsoftheoperationalsystem.Aprototypeissometimesusedasanexactbehavioralspecificationforanoperationalsystemwhichreplacesit.QualitycharacteristicsareoftensacrificedduringRPforthesakeofrapiddevelopmentandlowcost;robustness,efficiency,generality,portability,andmaintainabilityarecommonlyignoredbutnoneoftheseaspectsneedtobeneglected.However,documentationneededtousethesystemcannotbeignoredbutnoneoftheseaspectsneedtobeneglected.Ax201C;Throwawayx201D;prototypeisusedspecificallytodefineRequirementswhichareusedtoimplementafinalsystem.Anx201C;Evolutionaryx201D;prototypeisaprototypicalsystemusedforongoingrefinementofRequirementswhileoperationalversionsatspecificmilestonesareusedinproductionsettings.RapidinRPmeansthatthetimebetweensuccessiveversionsoftheprototypeisrelativelyshort.Itshouldbeshortenoughthat(1)bothusersanddeveloperscanrememberhoweachversionrelatestothepreviousonewithoutwrittennotes,(2)userrequirementsdonotchangesignificantlywhileaversionisbeingdeveloped,(3)theprototypingteamwillremainintheprojectthroughtheRPphase,and(4)totaltimetodevelopthesystemisacceptable.(Expectedprojectdurationshouldbestatedintheprojectmanagementplanningdocument.SeeSection6andANSI/IEEE1058andANSI/IEEE1074.)Afewdaysbetweenversionsisadequateandafewweeksmaybeacceptable.Ifthetimeneededtoproduceanewversionislonger,thenitmaybenecessarytoproducethatversionusingaconventionalsystemdevelopmentmethodwithfulldocumentationofrequirementsanddesign(seeAppendixX3).RPintegratesanalysis,designandconstruction,anddefinesRequirementsduringtheprocess.Itisespeciallyappropriatefordealingwithproblemswhicharenotwellunderstoodorarerapidlychanging.Theprototypefocusescommunicationbetweenusersanddevelopers.Forlargesystems,aRPapproachcanbeusedatahighleveltoexploretheoverallsystemarchitectureorfeasibility.Itcanalsobeusedtodevelopsubsystemsandcomponentswhoserequirementsarenotfullyunderstood(seeSection11).RPisespeciallywellsuitedfordevelopinguser-systeminterfaces.WhattoPrototype8212;Theill-structuredsystemdevelopmentproblemsthatyieldbesttoRPinclude:Decisionsupportsystemsinareaswherethestateofknowledgechangesrapidly,forexample,researchorclinicalpractice,Systemswhoseusersneedtoaccessand...........
【中国标准分类号】:L77
【国际标准分类号】:35_080
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语